Dermoid Cyst of the Brain or Spinal Cord

What causes a dermoid cyst?

The cyst forms in the brain or spinal cord when a few cells that normally grow elsewhere are trapped in the brain or spinal cord during a child’s growth in utero. They are often skin and bone cells that are normally part of the skin of the face.

Symptoms of a dermoid cyst

The symptoms depend on where the cyst is. Your child may have symptoms, such as:

• Back pain

• Balance problems

• Facial pain

• Headaches

• Numbness or weakness

• Seizures

• Stiff neck

Diagnosing a dermoid cyst

The healthcare provider will ask about your child’s health history and symptoms. They will give your child a physical exam. This may include a nervous system exam. Imaging tests may be done to look at your child’s brain and spinal cord. The tests may include:

• CT scan. This is a test that uses a series of X-rays and a computer to create images of the inside of the body.

• MRI. This test uses large magnets and a computer to create images of the body.

Treatment for a dermoid cyst

A dermoid cyst in the brain or spinal cord is usually treated with surgery. If all of the cyst is not removed during surgery, it will likely grow back. Regrowth of a dermoid cyst is usually very slow. It may take years before symptoms return. 

When to call the healthcare provider

Call your child’s healthcare provider or get medical care right away if any of these occur:

• Back pain

• Facial pain

• Fever

• Headache that doesn’t go away

• Stiff neck

Call 911 if you have any of these:

• Seizure

• Trouble staying awake or confusion