To get the best experience while viewing this site, it is recommended that you upgrade to a modern browser version of Chrome or Firefox.

You may do so by clicking on one of these icons:


southern new mexico surgery center
 
  •  

  •  
    Health Library Explorer
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A-Z Listings Contact Us
    Children's Health

    Creating a Hemodialysis Access

    Before hemodialysis can be done, a way for blood to leave and return to your body (an access) is needed. During hemodialysis, needles placed into the access carry blood to and from the dialyzer. A hemodialysis access is often made in your arm. The 2 main types of accesses are an arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula) and an arteriovenous graft (AV graft).

    Making your access

    The hemodialysis access provides a large volume of fast flowing blood. It involves surgery under anesthesia. You may be able to go home the same day. It is made during a short procedure using 1 of these methods:

    • A fistula is made by linking an artery to a nearby vein. The high pressure and blood flow in the artery are transferred into the vein. They help the vein grow in size and thickness. The enlarged vein (fistula) eventually has high blood flow. It becomes thick enough for needles to be placed safely several times each week during hemodialysis. It may need weeks or months to develop before it's ready to be used. A fistula works better than the graft. It also has fewer long-term problems. It is the preferred form of access.

      Silhouette of hand and wrist showing fistula for hemodialysis. Inset shows blood flow through fistula.
      Fistula

    • A graft (piece of synthetic tube) may be sewn between an artery and a vein. It's often used if a fistula is not possible because of the small size of your veins. Blood flows quickly through the graft from the artery to the vein. A graft is often ready to use in a few weeks. Needles can be placed into the plastic tube to get blood during dialysis.

      Silhouette of hand and forearm showing graft for hemodialysis. Arrows show blood flow through graft.
      Graft

    Both types of access may take weeks to months before they can be used. If dialysis is needed right away, a short-term venous catheter is used. A catheter that allows two-way blood flow is placed into a large vein. The dialysis tubing is then connected to the catheter. If both the AV fistula and graft don't work, a more permanent venous catheter is used.

    The most common complications for hemodialysis access are:

    • Infection

    • Clotting

    • Decreased blood flow from clotting or other narrowing

    Online Medical Reviewer: Raymond Kent Turley BSN MSN RN
    Online Medical Reviewer: Rita Sather RN
    Online Medical Reviewer: Walead Latif MD
    Date Last Reviewed: 12/1/2022
    © 2000-2024 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
    horizontal line

    Southern New Mexico
    Surgery Center

    2301 Indian Wells Rd. Suite B
    Alamogordo, NM 88310
    www.snmsc.org

    Phone: 575.437.0890
    Fax: 575.437.0905
    Email: info@snmsc.org

    Disclaimer