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    Anatomy of the Skin

    Facts about the skin

    The skin is the body's largest organ. It covers the entire body. It serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection. The skin also:

    • Regulates body temperature

    • Stores water and fat

    • Is a sensory organ

    • Prevents water loss

    • Prevents entry of bacteria

    • Acts as a barrier between the body and its environment

    • Helps to make vitamin D when exposed to the sun

    Your skin takes on different thickness, color, and texture all over your body. For example, your head contains more hair follicles than anywhere else. But the soles of your feet have none. In addition, the soles of your feet and the palms of your hands are much thicker than skin on other areas of your body.

    Cross section of skin showing epidermis, dermis and fat layer.

    The skin is made up of 3 layers:

    • Epidermis

    • Dermis

    • Subcutaneous fat layer (hypodermis)

    Each layer has certain functions.

    Layer

    What it does

    Epidermis

    The epidermis is the thin outer layer of the skin. It consists of 2 primary types of cells:

    • Keratinocytes. Keratinocytes comprise about 90% of the epidermis and are responsible for its structure and barrier functions.

    • Melanocytes. Melanocytes are found at the base of the epidermis and make melanin. This gives the skin its color.

    Dermis

    The dermis is the middle layer of the skin. The dermis contains:

    • Blood vessels

    • Lymph vessels

    • Hair follicles

    • Sweat glands

    • Collagen bundles

    • Fibroblasts

    • Nerves (pain, touch, and temperature receptors)

    • Sebaceous glands

    The dermis is held together by a protein called collagen. This layer gives skin flexibility and strength.

    Subcutaneous fat layer

    The subcutaneous fat layer is the deepest layer of skin. It consists of a network of collagen and fat cells. It helps conserve the body's heat and protects the body from injury by acting as a shock absorber.

    Online Medical Reviewer: L Renee Watson MSN RN
    Online Medical Reviewer: Michael Lehrer MD
    Online Medical Reviewer: Tennille Dozier RN BSN RDMS
    Date Last Reviewed: 4/1/2023
    © 2000-2024 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
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    Southern New Mexico
    Surgery Center

    2301 Indian Wells Rd. Suite B
    Alamogordo, NM 88310
    www.snmsc.org

    Phone: 575.437.0890
    Fax: 575.437.0905
    Email: info@snmsc.org

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