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    Foot Surgery: Flexible and Rigid Hammertoes

    Healing after surgery

    The severity of your condition, number of toes involved, and type of surgery done will affect your recovery time. Many people are able to walk right after surgery with a special surgical shoe. Full healing can take several weeks. Your healthcare provider can advise you on what to expect after surgery.

    With hammertoes, 1 or more toes curl or bend abnormally. This can be caused by an inherited muscle problem, an abnormal bone length, or poor foot mechanics. The affected joints can rub inside shoes, causing corns (buildups of dead skin).

    There are many nonsurgical treatments for hammertoes. If these don't work, you may want to consider surgery.

    Flexible hammertoes

    When hammertoes are flexible, you can straighten the buckled joints. Flexible hammertoes may become rigid over time.

    Tendon release

    This treatment helps release the buckled joint. The bottom (flexor) tendon may be repositioned to the top of the affected toe (flexor tendon transfer). Sometimes, the top or bottom tendon is released but not repositioned (tenotomy).

    Side view of toe showing corn and flexible hammertoe.
    Flexible hammertoe.
    Side view of toe showing flexor tendon transfer.
    Flexor tendon transfer.

    Rigid hammertoes

    Rigid hammertoes are fixed (not flexible). You can't straighten the buckled joints. Corns, pain, and loss of function may be more severe with rigid hammertoes than with flexible ones.

    Arthroplasty

    A part of the joint is removed, and the toe is straightened. In some cases, the entire joint may be replaced with an implant. When healed, the bones become connected with scar tissue, making your toe flexible.

    Side view of toe showing corn and rigid hammertoe.
    Rigid hammertoe.
    Side view of toe showing bone removed for arthroplasty.
    Arthroplasty.

    Fusion

    First, the cartilage and some bone on both sides of the joint are removed. Then, the toe is straightened, and the 2 bones are held together, often with a pin. The pin is removed after several weeks. Once your foot heals, the toe will be less flexible, but more stable.

    Side view of toe showing fusion and pin fixation.
    Fusion.

    Online Medical Reviewer: Rahul Banerjee MD
    Online Medical Reviewer: Raymond Turley Jr PA-C
    Online Medical Reviewer: Rita Sather RN
    Date Last Reviewed: 4/1/2024
    © 2000-2024 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
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    Southern New Mexico
    Surgery Center

    2301 Indian Wells Rd. Suite B
    Alamogordo, NM 88310
    www.snmsc.org

    Phone: 575.437.0890
    Fax: 575.437.0905
    Email: info@snmsc.org

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