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    What Is Glaucoma?

    Glaucoma is an eye disease that can cause blindness. If found early, it can often be controlled. But it often causes no symptoms, so you need regular eye exams to find it. Glaucoma often begins when pressure builds up in the eye. This pressure can damage the optic nerve. The optic nerve sends messages to the brain so you can see. There are 2 main kinds of glaucoma: open-angle and closed-angle.

    Side view of eye with arrows inside showing pressure building up. Optic nerve at back of eye is damaged. Closeup of cross section of eye where cornea covers iris. Pupil is opening in center of iris. Lens is behind iris. Fluid drains from behind iris through pupil to front of iris. Fluid then drains out of eye through holes near cornea. Drainage holes may become clogged.

    Drainage area

    The eye is always making fluid. The eye's drainage areas may become clogged or blocked. Too much fluid stays in the eye. This increases eye pressure.

    Optic nerve

    Too much pressure in the eye can damage the optic nerve. If damaged, this nerve cannot send the messages to the brain that let you see.

    Open-angle glaucoma

    Open-angle glaucoma is the most common kind. It happens slowly as people age. The drainage area in the eye becomes clogged. Not enough fluid drains from the eye, so pressure slowly builds up. This causes a slow loss of side (peripheral) vision. You may not even notice changes until much of your vision is lost.

    Closed-angle glaucoma

    Closed-angle glaucoma is less common than open-angle. It often comes on quickly. The drainage area in the eye suddenly becomes blocked. Eye pressure builds rapidly. You may notice blurred vision and rainbow halos around lights. You may also have headaches, nausea, vomiting, and severe pain. If it is not treated right away, blindness can happen quickly.

    Online Medical Reviewer: Chris Haupert MD
    Online Medical Reviewer: Tara Novick BSN MSN
    Online Medical Reviewer: Whitney Seltman MD
    Date Last Reviewed: 12/1/2022
    © 2000-2024 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
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    Southern New Mexico
    Surgery Center

    2301 Indian Wells Rd. Suite B
    Alamogordo, NM 88310
    www.snmsc.org

    Phone: 575.437.0890
    Fax: 575.437.0905
    Email: info@snmsc.org

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