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    Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

    You have an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). An AVM is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels that causes irregular connections between arteries and veins in the brain. Some AVMs never burst (rupture). But some things can lead to a rupture. Some of these factors are known, such as a rise in blood pressure. And some factors are not known.

    If you have an AVM, you were likely born with it. Many people don't know they have AVM until a problem develops. Signs of an AVM include:

    • Bad headaches

    • Sudden or gradual paralysis or loss of sensation

    • Blurred or double vision

    • Jerking movements that you can't control (seizures)

    Understanding an AVM

    The brain controls the body. You can move and feel because of the brain. And it is the brain that makes you able to think, show emotions, remember, and make judgments. An AVM can damage the brain and put the rest of the body in danger.

    Inside the skull

    Under the scalp and the skull, a tough membrane (called the dura) surrounds the brain. Beneath the dura, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cushions the brain. Blood vessels carry nutrients and oxygen-rich blood throughout the brain.

    Side view of head and brain.
    Blood vessels carry blood throughout the brain.

    A problem with blood flow

    An AVM is a tangle of blood vessels. It can cause pressure to build up in the blood vessel and prevent normal blood flow. If the pressure becomes too great or the wall of the AVM vessel weakens, a blood vessel can burst and blood can leak or spurt into the brain. This can damage parts of the brain that control vital body functions, such as sight, sensation, language, critical thinking, and movements. In some cases, problems caused by an AVM can even lead to death. The high blood flow in an AVM can also shunt the oxygen from the arteries directly to the veins, bypassing the brain capillaries. This shunting can lead to strokes. AVM can be treated based on the type, symptoms, and cause.

    Closeup view of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the brain.
    Pressure builds when blood tries to flow through tangled vessels.

    Online Medical Reviewer: Anne Fetterman RN BSN
    Online Medical Reviewer: Heather M Trevino BSN RNC
    Online Medical Reviewer: Jessica Gotwals RN BSN MPH
    Date Last Reviewed: 4/1/2024
    © 2000-2024 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
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    Southern New Mexico
    Surgery Center

    2301 Indian Wells Rd. Suite B
    Alamogordo, NM 88310
    www.snmsc.org

    Phone: 575.437.0890
    Fax: 575.437.0905
    Email: info@snmsc.org

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