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    How the Eye Works

    Sharp vision depends on many factors. The parts of the eye work together to bend (refract) and focus light rays. For normal vision, light must focus onto the retina. 

    Side view cross section of eye showing light focusing on retina.

    Cornea

    Light enters the eye through this clear, dome-shaped tissue that covers the front of the eye. The cornea bends light rays to help focus them. Problems with its shape can affect vision.

    Pupil

    This circular window in the center of the iris opens and closes to let the right amount of light into the eye.

    Iris

    This is the colored part of the eye. It contains muscles that open (dilate) and close (constrict) the pupil.

    Lens

    This disk of clear tissue behind the pupil changes shape to help focus light.

    Retina

    This thin layer of light-sensitive tissue lines the inside back of the eye. It sends images as electrical impulses to the optic nerve.

    Optic nerve

    This nerve carries signals from the retina to the brain. The brain then interprets these signals to make images. These images are what you see.

    Online Medical Reviewer: Chris Haupert MD
    Online Medical Reviewer: Tara Novick BSN MSN
    Online Medical Reviewer: Whitney Seltman MD
    Date Last Reviewed: 8/1/2022
    © 2000-2024 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
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    Southern New Mexico
    Surgery Center

    2301 Indian Wells Rd. Suite B
    Alamogordo, NM 88310
    www.snmsc.org

    Phone: 575.437.0890
    Fax: 575.437.0905
    Email: info@snmsc.org

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